Seminarji Slovenskega drustva za umetno inteligenco 1996

Next, we elaborate issues related to the on-line control of partial deduction. We motivate and illustrate the distinction between local and global control in partial deduction algorithms, point out some trade-offs, and briefly sketch approaches based on termination analyses, on characteristic trees, and on a combination of both.

We point out relations between partial deduction and abstract interpretation as well as unfold/fold transformations. Finally, we discuss some specific problems related to specialisation of meta-programs and indicate some solutions. We end with the presentation of some open problems.

Osnovo za delovanje programa predstavlja zbirka podatkov o hospitalnih infekcijah, iz katerih gradi casovne vrste vzorcev rezistentnosti bakterij. Uporabniku (zdravniku) ponuja pet metod za analizo ucinkovitosti antibiotikov, odpornosti bakterij na antibiotike in identifikacijo hisnih bakterij. Rezultati analiz, ki so vecinoma predstavljeni graficno, pomagajo zdravniku pri odlocanju in izbiri najprimernejse terapije.

Ptah je realiziran v okolju MS Windows in je v fazi prakticnega uvajanja.

Integrated into G2 core are its interactive graphics, rules, procedures and methods, structured natural language and dynamic modeling and simulation capabilities. These capabilities directly support development. A next layer for technologies are those needed for deployment such as client/server networking and connectivity with on-line data. G2 is designed especially for real-time operation. G2 powerful real-time capabilities have evolved over many years of on-line application development.

The heart of G2 real-time operation is a scheduling engine for concurrently executing rules, procedures, models, and other tasks. Typically many lines of reasoning, models, and other activities are occurring concurrently. The engine cycles according to a clock "tick" that can be specified at a millisecond level. Everything has a priority so that critical items can take action first.

Object-oriented design is the basis of development in G2. Built around the concept of objects, object-oriented design offers highly reusable code and an application structure that is much more intuitive to understand than those built with conventional programming tools. G2 rules, procedures, and methods typically represent a large percentage of the knowledge contained in an application. The ability to create generic rules, procedures and methods that apply across entire classes of objects shortens the development time and makes it easier to read and maintain the knowledge in the applications.

G2 is designed for connecting to all kind of on-line real-time data. Gensym offers off-the-shelf bridges for linking to common commercial systems as well as data interface toolkits for building connections to data sources.

Gensym products apply intelligence to production management systems to extend its ability of solving complex problems. G2 performs functions that would be prohibitively expensive to implement in conventional process control systems or to program conventionally in supervisory control systems.

In process control and optimization, intelligent systems apply advanced technologies to improve operational efficiencies, even across an entire enterprise. These technologies are complimentary to the proportional control methods emphasized by DCS and the logical methods that dominate in PLC. They include algorhitmic techniques using standard mathematical functions such as linear programming, heuristic techniques that emphasized experience-based rules, artificial neural networks which use process data histories to form current estimates and conclusions, and many other techniques like constraint-directed reasoning, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms.

In monitoring and diagnosis, intelligent systems improve reliability of data, apply predictive maintenance (meaning that they detect problems earlier than is possible with conventional systems), and help pinpoint problem root causes so that they can be more readily corrected. In this way, they compliment conventional control systems. For the most part, conventional systems are limited to simple comparisons of signal values against alarm limits, and they offer little assistance to the operator in determining why a particular alarm condition exists. Intelligent systems are also finding increased use in off-line applications, particularly in conjunction with dynamic simulators used for operator training and in plant design.

The attractiveness of G2 comes down to its completeness in combining several powerful technologies for developing an deploying intelligent systems. Customers report significant development time reductions and corresponding time to installation or to market. In other words, G2 provides a comprehensive infrastructure for application development.

Zdravnikom pa se pri postavljanju diagnoze pojavlja problem - apriorno ustvarjanje mnenja o pacientu (sugestibilnost). Zato se rezultati vsake faze interpretirajo individualno, veljavni pa so samo rezultati zadnje faze.

Algoritmi za strojno ucenje niso podvrzeni subjektivnim vplivom (sugestibilnost), zato bi lahko upostevali rezultate vseh ze opravljenih preiskav naenkrat in s tem potencialno izboljsali postopek diagnosticiranja. Prvi poskusi so ze dali obetavne rezultate, ki jih bomo predstavili na seminarju.

Ema - inteligentni(a) zaposlovalni(a) agent(ka) - je zadnji, vrhnji nivo celotnega sistema, ki poslje elektronsko posto, ko se na primer pojavi zanimivo delovno mesto pomocnika direktorja. Vsak teden sistem predstavi okoli 3.000 razpisov za delovna mesta, mozno se je vpisati kot iskalec dela, tu so stipendije itd.

An interesting property of applying logic synthesis to Machine Learning is that the functions can be very strongly unspecified, having more than 99% of don't care conditions. This calls for the entirely new approaches to the algorithm development. Logic-based approaches based on Sum-of-Products, Exor-Sum-of-Products, and Ashenhurst-Curtis Functional Decompositions will be compared with the classical approaches of Neural Nets and Decision Trees.

The method has been successfully used for Pattern Recognition, noise removal from images, Knowledge Discovery in Data Bases, and automatic creation of algorithms from data.

Podrocje proucevanj procesov odlocanja in se posebej v kontekstu sirsih procesov resevanja problemov je relativno mlada znanstvena disciplina, ki predstavlja v kombinaciji z orodji umetne inteligence velik potencial za lazje delo managerjev. Na seminarju bodo predstavljene nekatere ideje in preliminarni rezultati proucevanja teh potencialov, ki je potekalo v okviru priprave doktorske disertacije.

1. razpoznavanje slovenskega govora:

• dolocanje optimalnega nabora znacilk
• fonemska segmentacija govora
• jezikovno modeliranje slovenskega govora
• semanticna analiza govorjenih sporocil

aplikaciji:

• sistem za razpoznavanje tekocega slovenskega govora
• sistem za razpoznavanje loceno izgovorjenih ukazov

2. sinteza slovenskega govora:

• grafemsko fonemski prepis besedila
• dolocanje prozodicnih parametrov govora
• sinteza govornega signala